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Glossary

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Iban

IBAN is a standardized international bank account number that identifies accounts for cross-border payments, with country code, two check digits, and BBAN.

Iceberg order

Iceberg order: a limit order that shows a small display quantity while hiding total size to reduce market impact, enhance anonymity, and aid execution.

Illiquid markets

Illiquid markets are where assets cannot be sold quickly without price impact, due to fewer participants and low volume; examples, risks, and guidance.

Impermanent Loss

Impermanent loss is the temporary value drop LPs face in DeFi when pool prices diverge; causes, calculation, and ways to reduce risk.

Impermanent loss insurance

Impermanent loss insurance is coverage for LPs, providing liquidity pool protection by compensating losses when pool asset prices diverge on DeFi AMMs.

In-memory Data Store

In-memory data store: a database that keeps data in RAM for low-latency access, real-time analytics, and scale, with persistence via replication and logs.

Instant Bank Transfer: SEPA Instant, FedNow, RTP, and More

An instant bank transfer moves funds between bank accounts within seconds, 24/7. Learn how SEPA Instant, FedNow, RTP, and other instant rails work and compare.

Instant Payment Notifications (IPN)

Instant Payment Notifications (IPN) are automated messages from processors like PayPal that alert merchants to transaction status in real time.

Instant Payment Notification URL

IPN URL (Instant Payment Notification) is a callback URL that receives real-time payment status via HTTP POST, enabling automatic order updates.

Insurance fund

Insurance fund: a pooled reserve of premiums invested to pay valid claims, manage risk via reinsurance, and maintain solvency after losses.

Integrated application

An integrated application is software that unifies multiple systems via APIs and data integration, streamlining workflows and improving decisions.

Integrated Payments Plugins

Integrated payments plugins are tools that embed secure payment processing into websites, enabling on-site checkout, multiple methods, and PCI compliance.

Interchange Fee

Interchange fee: the charge paid by the acquirer to the card issuer on each credit or debit transaction, set by networks and passed to merchants.

Intermediation

Intermediation refers to the process by which an intermediary, such as a financial institution or broker, facilitates transactions between two parties.

International Payment Methods

International payment methods are ways to move money across borders from cards and wire transfers to payment gateways, balancing cost, speed, and security.

Interoperability

Interoperability is the ability of systems to exchange and use data across platforms, enabling seamless healthcare, public safety and telecom operations.

In-the-Money / Out-of-the-Money

Definition of in-the-money vs out-of-the-money options, covering strike, intrinsic vs extrinsic value, and how ITM and OTM affect strategy.

Intraday liquidity

Intraday liquidity is funds a bank accesses during the business day to settle payments and trades, supported by intraday credit and central bank reserves.

Intrinsic value

Intrinsic value is the true worth of an asset based on fundamentals and future cash flows, estimated via DCF, guiding value investing and options pricing.

Investment portfolio

An investment portfolio is a mix of assets like stocks, bonds, and funds designed to balance risk and return via asset allocation and diversification.

Invoice

An invoice is a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer, detailing the products or services provided, their quantities, and agreed-upon prices.

Issuing Bank

Issuing bank: a financial institution that issues credit and debit cards, authorizes payments, sets limits, and manages cardholder accounts.

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